Class Analysis Based on Discourse Theory of Laclau and Mouffe:Scrutinizing Discourses of Islamic Republic toward Modern Urban Middle Class Since 1368 to 1392

Document Type : علمی وپزوهشی

Author

Abstract

The subjectivity of the Tehranian middle class was the subject of consideration in this research; since this modern middle class in Iran, which emerged under the influence of Reza Shah’s modernization process, has always played a major role in forming social movements and establishing social changes and reforms during recent years. In contemporary Iranian history, the occurrences of major social changes and reforms have always become possible through the mediation of the middle class. In this contemporary history, all of the regimes have been faced with major defeats when this middle class stopped supporting them and started protesting against them for its demands. Following the framework of Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory, four forms of the Islamic Republic discourse’s articulations have been mentioned regarding different contextual circumstances since the revolution of 1979. During this paper, I tried first to relate these dominant articulations in each period to the represented preferred meanings and ideal subject positions of the Islamic Republic discourse. Consequently, role of the urban modern middle class in advancing each articulation and the relations of the middle class with these articulations have been elaborated upon

Keywords

References

-      Abrahamian, E. (2008). A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-      Althusser, L., & Balibar, E. (1986). Reading Capital. (B. Brewster, Trans.) London: Verso.
-      Amir Arjomand, S. (2009). After Khomeini. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-      Aras, B. (2001, September). Transformation of the Iranian Political System: Towards a new Mode? Meria: Middle East Review of International Affairs, 5(3).
-      Ashraf, A., & Banuazizi, A. (1985). The State, Classes and Modes of Mobilization in the Iranian Revolution. State, Culture, and Society, 1(3), 3-40.
-      Bayat, A. (1998). Revolution without movement, movement without revolution: comparing Islamic acrivism in Iran and Egupt. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 40(1), 87-112.
-      Beblawi, H., & Luciani, G. (. (2016). The Rentier State. London and New York: Routledge.
-      Behdad, S., & Nomani, F. (2002). Workers, Peasants, and Peddlers: A study of labor stratification in the post-revolutionary Iran. Int. J. Middle East Studies(34), 667-690.
-      Bottomore, T. (1991). Classes in Modern Society. London: Harper Collins Academic.
-      Daryl Slack, J. (1996). The theory and method of articulation in cultural studies. In D. Morley, & K.-H. Chen (Eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (pp. 113-129). London and New York: Routledge.
-      Farhi, F. (2004). The Antinomies of Iran's War Generation. In L. G. Potter, & G. G. Sick (Eds.), Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War (pp. 101-120). New York: Palgrave.
-      Grossberg, L. (1993). Cultural studies and/in new worlds. Critical Studies in Mass Communicatio(10), 1-22.
-      Hall, S. (1996). The Problem of Ideology: Marxism without Guarantees. In D. Morley, & K. Kuan-Hsing, Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. London: Routledge.
-      J.C Williams Group. (2013). Top Shopping Malls under Operation and under Construction in Iran. Toronto: J.C Williams Group.
-      Jorgensen, M., & Louise, J. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage Publications.
-      Kazemi, A. (2009). Flaneuring and Iranian Everyday Life. Tehran : Ashian Publication.
-      Keshavarzian, A. (2007). Bazaar and State in Iran: The Politics of the Tehran Markets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-      Laclau , E., & Zac, L. (1994). Minding the Gap: the Subject of Politic. In E. Laclau (Ed.), The Making of Political Identities. London: Verso.
-      Laclau, E. (1990). New Reflection on the Revolution of Our Time. London: Verso.
-      Laclau, E. (2002). Democracy and the Question of Power. Constellations, 8(1), 3-14.
-      Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. London: Verso.
-      Lenin, V. I. (1971). Lenin's Collected Works. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
-      Maljoo, M. (2010, January 26). The Green Movement Awaist an Invisible Hand. Middle East Report.
-      Maloney, S. (2015). Iran's Political Economy Since the Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-      Mann, M. (1989). Macmillian Student Encyclopedia of Sociology. London: Macmillian.
-      Marx, K. (1887). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (Vol. 1). (F. Engels, Ed., S. Moore, & E. Aveling, Trans.) Moscow: Progress Publishers.
-      Mehr News Agency. (2015, January 27). Karmandan-e Dolat (State's Employees). Retrieved Dec 5, 2015, from Mehr News Agency: www.mehrnews.com/news/2474706/
-      Millios, J., & Economakis, G. (2011). The Middle Class, Class Places, and Class Positions: ACritical Approach to Nicos Poulantzas's Theory. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, 23(2), 226-245.
-      Mirsepasi, A. (2010). Democracy in Modern Iran: Islam, Culture and Political Changes. New York and London: New York University Press.
-      Nomani, F., & Behdad, S. (2006). Class and labor in Iran: did the revolution matter? Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
-      Nozari, H. (2005, Winter). Siyasat-e Ejtema'ee va Taghirat-e Ejtema'ee dar Iran (Social Policy and Social Iranian Changes). Social Welfare Quarterly(11), pp. 101-129.
-      Pajouyan, J., Telebloo, R., Ghoreyshi, N., & Jalalian, K. (2008). Moghayese va Tahlil-e Amalkard-e Eghtesadi-ye Dolat-ha-ye Pas az Enghelab-e Eslami (A Comparative Analysis of Economic Operation of Cabinets After the Islamic Revolution). Rahbord-e Yas, 15.
-      Palizban, M. (2009, Autumn ). Rooykard-ha-ye Motafavet Nesbat be Jomhouriyat va Eslamiyat da Jomhouri-ye Eslami-ye Iran (Different Approaches toward Republicanism and Islamism in Islamic Republic of Iran). Fasl-Name-ye Siyasat, 11, pp. 113-130.
-      Poulantzas, N. (1974). Fascism and dictatorship: The Third International and the Problem of Fascism. London: NLB.
-      Smith, A. (1998). Laclau and Mouffe: the Radical Democratic Imaginary . London: Routledge.
-      Tazmini, G. (2009). Khatami's Iran: The Islamic Republic and the Turrbulent Path to Reform. London: I.B. Tauris.
-      Torkan, A., & Farnam, H. (2012). Modiriyat-i Manabe'-i Nafti (Petroleum Resourse Managment). Strategic Research Center, Economic Research. Tehran: Strategic Research Center.
-      Vahdat, F. (2003). Post-Revolutionary Islamic Discourse on Modernity in Iran: Expansion and Contractiom of Human Subjectivity. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 35(4), 599-631.
Sociological Review
Volume 23, Issue 1 - Serial Number 23
September 2016
Pages 215-236

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics