- اسدی، بیژن (1379) دانشنامة نخبگان خاورمیانه. تهران: مرکز پژوهش‌های علمی و مطالعات استراتژیک خاورمیانه.
- باتامور، تام (1371) نخبگان و جامعه. ترجمة صبوری. تهران: امیرکبیر.
- بشیریه، حسین (1382) موانع توسعة سیاسی در ایران. تهران: گام نو.
- میخلز، رابرت (1378) جامعه‌شناسی احزاب سیاسی، ترجمة نقیب زاده. تهران: قومس.
- Abrahamian, Ervand (2008). A History of Modern Iran. Cambridge University Press: London
- Atabaki, Touraj (2004). The Caliphate, the Clerics and Republicanism in Turkey and Iran Some Comparative Remarks. In Men of Order; Authoritarian Modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah. Touraj Atabaki and Erik J. Zurcher (Eds). I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd: London
- Bill, J and Sprinborg, R (2000). Politics in Middle East. London: Longman
- Brewer, J (2003).Comparative analysis. In The A-Z of Social Research. Robert L. Miller and John D. Brewer (Eds). London: Sage
- Dahl, R. (1971). Polyarchy: Does Democracy Matter? Chester Publication: New York
- Karpat, K (1959). Turkey’s Politics. Prinston University Press
- Katouzian, Homa (2004). State and Society under Reza Shah. In Men of Order; Authoritarian Modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah. Touraj Atabaki and Erik J. Zurcher (Eds). I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd: London
- kingsbury, D (2007). Political Development. Routledge: London
- Kinross, L. (1964)Ataturk; the Rebirth of a Nation. London: Weiden Feld and Nicolson
- Mills, C. R. (1959). The Power Elite. Harvard University Press: New York
- Ozbudun, E. (2000) Contemporary Turkish Politics. Boulder: Lynne Rienner
- Rakel, E. P. (2008). Iranian political elite, State and society since Islamic Revolution. Universiteit van Amsterdam
- Zurcher, E. (2004). Institution Building in the Kemalist Republic: The Role of the People’s Party. In Men of Order; Authoritarian Modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah. Touraj Atabaki and Erik J. Zurcher (Eds). I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd: London
-Elliot, M. (2004). New Iran and the Dissolution of Party Politics under Reza Shah. In Men of Order; Authoritarian Modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah. Touraj Atabaki and Erik J. Zurcher (Eds). I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd: London
-Jung, D. and Piccoli, W. (2001). Turkey at the Crossroads; ottoman Legacies and a GreatMiddle East. London: Redbooks
-Therborn, G. (1999) “What does the Ruling Class do when it Rules? Some Reflections on Different Approaches to the Study of Power in Society,” Critical Sociology, 23(2/3), 224-245.
-Zurcher, e. J. (1998) Turkey; a Modern History. London: I. B. Tauris
)