Explaining the relationship between gender stereotypes and emotional divorce of married women in Bandar Abbas

Document Type : علمی وپزوهشی

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Department of social science, Faculty of social sciences

2 Department of Social Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Faculty of social sciences

3 Department of Communication Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Faculty of social sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.22059/jsr.2021.92255

Abstract

Gender stereotypes are one of the most important cultural elements that affect the individual and social aspects of people's lives. It seems that these stereotypes play a significant role even in the stability of married life. This research aims to investigate the relationship between gender stereotypes and emotional divorce among married women in Bandar Abbas city. The theoretical basis of this research was Sternberg's theories regarding the love triangle. In this regard, 400 married women from the city of Bandar Abbas were selected as samples in two stages using simple random sampling (neighborhood selection from each region) and stratified random sampling proportional to the size (percentage of households living in each region compared to all households). This research was conducted by survey method and questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was provided formally through literature review and expert evaluation, and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha. The obtained results show that 36.4% of women with low emotional divorce have a stereotyped attitude towards gender, and 63.6% of them have a non-stereotyped view; Women with moderate emotional divorce have 60% stereotypical attitudes towards sex and 40% non-stereotypical attitudes; This ratio is 69.7 to 30.3 for women with severe emotional divorce. The results of the t-test indicate the existence of a significant difference between the two groups of women: women with stereotyped attitudes towards gender have more emotional divorce than women with non-stereotyped attitudes. The regression results also show a significant positive and direct relationship between the two variables: with each unit increase in the independent variable of gender attitude, 20.1% increases in the amount of emotional divorce. Therefore, the more stereotyped women's gender attitudes are, the higher the rate of emotional divorce in them.

Keywords

References

  • اسحاقی، محمد (۱۳۹۱). «سنجش عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر درخواست طلاق زنان در شهر تهران»، فصلنامۀ زن در توسعه وسیاست، دوره­ی ۱۰، شمارۀ ۳.
  • اعظم آزاده، منصوره؛ آرامی، سعیده (1395). «بررسی جامعه‌پذیری جنسیتی و رفتار در دوراهی اجتماعی»، نشریۀ مطالعات اجتماعی-روانشناختی زنان، سال 14، شمارۀ 1، بهار 1395، صص 39-7.
  • بهادری، مریم؛ ملکیان، نازنین؛ هاشم زهی، نوروز (1400). «ارتباط فضای مجازی و طلاق عاطفی همسران»، پژوهش‌های جامعه‌شناختی، سال پانزدهم، شمارۀ دوم (تابستان)، صص 217-201.
  • پروین، ستار؛ داودی، مریم؛ محمدی، فریبرز (1391). «عوامل جامعه‌شناختی مؤثر در طلاق عاطفی در بین خانواده‌های تهرانی»، مجلۀ مطالعات راهبردی زنان، سال چهاردهم، شمارۀ 56، صص 119- 154.
  • جهان‌بین، رضا؛ بابایی اقدم، فریدون؛روستایی، شهریور؛ اصغری زمانی، اکبر (1400). «تحلیل و سنجش رابطۀ کلیشه‌های جنسیتی و توانمندسازی زنان در نواحی فقیرنشین شهری (مطالعۀ موردی: سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی شهر ایلام)»، جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی، شمارۀ 77 (پاییز)، صص 59-47.
  • حاجی‌زاده میمندی، مسعود؛ مداحی، جواد؛ کریمی، یزدان؛ حدث، الهه؛ غروری، ملینا (1395). «بررسی عوامل اجتماعی مرتبط با طلاق عاطفی: متأهلین شهر شیراز»، مطالعات راهبردی زنان، سال هجدهم، شمارۀ 71 (بهار)، صص 85- 108.
  • روحانی، علی؛ عابدی دیزناب، محدثه(1399). «دوآلیتۀ تبعیض و امید، نظریه‌ای زمینه‌ای از تراژکتوری شکل‌گیری تبعیض جنسیتی میان زنان طبقۀ متوسط شهر تبریز»، زن در توسعه و سیاست، شمارۀ 67 (بهار)، صص 79-55.
  • سازمان ثبت احوال کشور، آمار رویدادهای حیاتی (جدول تغییرات ازدواج به طلاق 1380 تا 1395: https://www.sabteahval.ir) و گزارش‌های تحلیلی 1396.
  • سالنامۀ آماری کل کشور (1396 و 1397)، آمارهای ازدواج و طلاق.
  • سالنامۀ آماری هرمزگان از سال 1368 تا 1397، سازمان برنامه و بودجۀ هرمزگان، بخش آمار.
  • سهراب‌زاده، مهران؛ شعاع، صدیقه؛ نیازی، محسن؛ موحد مجد، مجید (1398). «بازاندیشی نقش‌های جنسیتی زنانه و تعیین‌کننده‌های فرهنگی و اجتماعی مرتبط با آن (مورد مطالعه: زنان متأهل شهر شیراز)»، مجلۀ فرهنگی تربیتی زنان و خانواده، شمارۀ 49، صص 87-111.
  • کاستلز، امانوئل (۱۳۸۰). عصر اطلاعات جامعه شبکه‌ای، ترجمۀ احمد علیقلیان و افشین خاکباز، تهران: انتشارات طرح نو.
  • گلدنبرگ، ایرنه؛ گلدنبرگ، هربرت (۱۳۸۷). خانواده‌درمانی، ترجمۀ­ حمیدرضاحسین شاهی براوتی، سیامک نقش‌بندی و الهام ارجمند، تهران: نشر روان.
  • محمودیان، حسین؛ حسام خدامرادی (۱۳۸۹). «بررسی رابطۀ طلاق و توسعۀ اقتصادی اجتماعی در شهرستان‌های کشور»، فصلنامۀ مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی، دورۀ جدید، شمارۀ 23.
  • Agars, M. D. (2004). Reconsidering the impact of gender stereotypes on the advancement of women in organizations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 103–111.
  • Azam Azadeh, Mansoura; Arami, Saida (2015). "Investigation of gender socialization and behavior in social dilemma", Journal of Women's Social-Psychological Studies, Year 14, Number 1, Spring 2015, pp. 7-39. (in persian).
  • Bahadri, Maryam; MAlkian, Nazanin; Hashem Zahi, Nowruz (2020). "Relationships between virtual space and emotional divorce of spouses", Sociological Researches, 15th year, 2nd issue (Summer), pp. 201-217. (in persian).
  • Bahadri, Maryam; Melkian, Nazanin; Hashem Zahi, Nowruz (2020). "Communication of virtual space and emotional divorce of spouses", Sociological Researches, 15th year, 2nd issue (Summer), pp. 201-217. (in persian).
  • Cárcamo, C., Moreno, A., & Del Barrio, C. (2021). Girls do not sweat: the development of gender stereotypes in physical education in primary school. Human Arenas, 4(2), 196-217.
  • Casad, Bettina J. & Breanna R. Wexler (2015) "Gender Stereotypes" in book of The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender, SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Castells, Emanuel (2000). The Information Age of Networked Society, translated by Ahmad Aliqlian and Afshin Khakbaz, Tehran: Tarhe Naw Publications. (in persian).
  • Chestnut, E. K., Zhang, M. Y., & Markman, E. M. (2021). “Just as good”: Learning gender stereotypes from attempts to counteract them. Developmental psychology, 57(1), 114.
  • Civil Registration Organization of the country, statistics of vital events (table of changes from marriage to divorce from 2000 to 2015: https://www.sabteahval.ir) and analytical reports of 2016. (in persian).
  • Heilman, Madeline E. (2012) Gender stereotypes and workplace bias, Research in Organizational Behavior 32 (2012) 113–135
  • Hormozgan Statistical Yearbook from 1988 to 2017, Hormozgan Program and Budget Organization, Statistics sector. (in persian).
  • Ishaghi, Mohammad (2011). "Measuring the effective social factors of women's divorce request in Tehran", Women's Quarterly in Development and Politics, Volume 10, Number 3. (in persian).
  • Jahanbin, Reza; Babaei Aghdam, Fereydoun; Rostaee, Shahrivar; Asghari Zamani, Akbar (2021). "Analysis and measurement of the relationship between gender stereotypes and women's empowerment in poor urban areas (case study: informal settlements of Ilam)", Geography and Planning, No. 77 (Autumn), pp. 47-59. (in persian).
  • Hajizadeh Maimandi, Massoud; Madahi, Javad; Karimi, Yazdan; Hadath, Elahe; Ghorori, Melina (2015). "Investigation of social factors related to emotional divorce: married people of Shiraz", Women's Strategic Studies, 18th year, No. 71 (Spring), pp. 108-85. (in persian).
  • Goldenberg, Irene; Goldenberg, Herbert (2008). Family therapy, translated by Hamidar Dahsin Shahi Bravati, Siamak Naqshbandi and Elham Arjamand, Tehran: Nashr Ravan. (in persian).
  • Mahmoudian, Hossein; Khodamoradi, Hessam (2009). "Investigating the relationship between divorce and socioeconomic development in the country's cities", Social Security Studies Quarterly, new period, number 23. (in persian).
  • Rouhani, Ali; Abedi Diznab, Muhaddithe (2019). "The duality of discrimination and hope, a background theory of the trajectory of the formation of gender discrimination among women of the middle class of Tabriz", Women in Development and Politics, No. 67 (Spring), pp. 55-79. (in persian).
  • Parvin, Satar; Davoudi, Maryam; Mohammadi, Fariborz (2011). "Effective sociological factors in emotional divorce among Tehrani families", Journal of Strategic Studies of Women, 14th year, No. 56, pp. 119-154. (in persian).
  • Sohrabzadeh, Mehran; Shua, Siddiqa; Niazi, Mohsen; Movahed Majid, Majid (2018). "Rethinking female gender roles and cultural and social determinants related to it (case study: married women in Shiraz)", Women and Family Cultural and Educational Magazine, No. 49, pp. 111-87. (in persian).
  • Smith, N., Eriksson, T., & Smith, V. (2021). Gender stereotyping and self-stereotyping among Danish managers. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 36(5), 622-639.
  • Lucy, L., & Bamman, D. (2021, June). Gender and representation bias in GPT-3 generated stories. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Narrative Understanding (pp. 48-55).
  • Tabassum, N., & Nayak, B. S. (2021). Gender stereotypes and their impact on women’s career progressions from a managerial perspective. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, 10(2), 192-208.
  • Schein, V.E. (2007). Women in management: Reflections and Women in Management Review, 22(1), 6–18.
  • Statistical yearbook of the whole country (2016 and 2017), marriage and divorce statistics. (in persian).
  • Yoo, J. (2022). Gender role ideology, work–family conflict, family–work conflict, and marital satisfaction among korean dual-earner couples. Journal of Family Issues, 43(6), 1520-1535.
Sociological Review
Volume 28, Issue 1
September 2021
Pages 377-397

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics