نوع مقاله : علمی وپزوهشی
نویسندگان
استادیار، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the most significant transformations of the modern world is the shifting role of religion in social life. This article aims to provide a theoretical explanation of the process of secularization following the Industrial Revolution by examining four major theoretical frameworks: classical secularization theory, the religious economy model, the socio-political conflict model, and the cultural–symbolic transformation model. The classical theory views the decline of religion as an inevitable outcome of modernity, rationalization, and specialization; in contrast, the religious economy model sees religiosity as dependent on the competitive structure of religious markets and individual choice. The socio-political conflict model emphasizes ideological struggles between religion and secular discourses such as nationalism and socialism, while the cultural–symbolic model focuses on qualitative shifts in religious experience and meaning-making processes. Analyzing these perspectives reveals that secularization is a plural, context-dependent, and non-linear process. Ultimately, by examining recent religious developments—from the return of religion to the public sphere to the rise of the post-secular society—the article demonstrates that secularization theories require revision and reintegration in light of contemporary changes. Contrary to earlier assumptions, religion has neither disappeared nor been completely marginalized; instead, it is being reinvented in new forms. Accordingly, this article emphasizes the need for a multi-level and interdisciplinary approach to understanding religion in the contemporary world. To this end, it proposes an integrated model—encompassing structural, behavioral, ideological, and cultural dimensions—as a more comprehensive framework for interpreting religion in the post-secular age.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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