بدن‌مندی، پارادایمی نوین در مباحث انسان‌شناختی/پدیدارشناسی فرهنگی از نگاه توماس سورداس

نوع مقاله : علمی وپزوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری انسان‌شناسی،‌ دانشگاه تهران، گروه انسان شناسی

2 هیات علمی دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران، گروه مردم شناسی

10.22059/jsr.2024.368476.1919

چکیده

در این نوشتار کوشیده‌ایم از خلال آشنایی با توماس سورداس، نظریات و کارهایش، مفهوم بدن‌مندی و جایگاه آن را در میان رویکردهای انسان‌شناختی و جامعه‌شناختی بهتر درک نماییم. درک جهانِ بدن‌مند، کشفِ دوباره‌ی خودْ و جهانْ در تکینگیِ مادیت تنیده با معنای آن است. بازگشت دوباره به جهان به همان اندازه که لذتِ یادآوری پیوستگیِ جهانی است که در تکینگی خود چیزها را در گسست از خویش برمی‌نهد، به همان اندازه مواجهه‌ای پیچیده با بیگانگی همزمان نزدیک دیگری است. مواجهه‌ بدنمند با جهان و دیگری، از سوی دیگر، یکی از چالش‌های نوشتن این مقاله نیز بوده است؛ این دشواری در بیان و معرفی دیگری در مقام انسانی دیگر، سورداس، با تاریخ و موقعیتی منحصربه فرد دوچندان می‌شود و عدم تجربه نزدیک و هم‌تاریخی بدن‌ها، شناخت ما را به مفاهیم و شباهتهای تجربی محدود می‌سازد. هدف از این نوشتار درک مفهومِ بدن‌مندی در معنای فلسفی و نظری‌اش و مواجهه با آن به عنوان پارادایمی هستی‌شناختی و روش‌شناختی در مطالعات انسان‌شناسی و جامعه‌شناسی است. از این رو نخست به مفهوم بدن‌مندی و ریشه‌های فلسفی و نظری آن پرداخته شده است؛ سپس ابعاد روش‌شناختی آن از دیدگاه سورداس بیان شده و در نهایت به معرفی سورداس، پژوهش‌ها و آثارش پرداخته‌ایم. سورداس از آن رو اهمیت دارد که بدن‌مندی را به مثابه‌ی پارادایمی می‌بیند که ما را به شناختی منسجم‌تر و کلی‌تر از انسان و جهان فرهنگی و مصائب‌اش می‌رساند. سورداس همچنین صورتبندی منسجمی از «پدیدارشناسی فرهنگی» در پارادایم بدن‌مندی، به عنوان روشی پدیدار‌شناختی در پژوهش‌های انسان‌شناختی و فرهنگی ارائه می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Embodiment, a new paradigm in anthropological studies Cultural phenomenology from Csordas’s perspective

نویسندگان [English]

  • Qazale Hosseini 1
  • Zohreh Anvari 2
1 PhD student in anthropology, University of Tehran, Department of Anthropology
2 Assistant professor of Anthropology Department, Social science Faculty, Tehran University
چکیده [English]

In this article, we have tried to better understand the concept of embodiment and its place among anthropological and sociological approaches by getting to know Thomas Csordas’s perspective Through his theories and works. Understanding the embodied world is rediscovering self and the world in the singularity of materiality intertwined with meaning; Understanding the world of things behind the curtain of their human-social identification as objects. This return to world of things is joy of remembering the interconnected world and also the difficult and complex encounter with alienation and separation of other. In this confrontation, the direct judgment of human subjectivity is distorted and reconstruct in its forgotten body. One of the challenges of writing this article has been introducing Csordas’s world and theory from his perspective. The purpose of this article is understanding the philosophical and theoretical concept of embodiment and face it as an ontological and methodological paradigm in anthropological and sociological studies. Therefore, first, the concept of embodiment and its philosophical and theoretical roots have been briefly discussed; Then, its methodological aspects are stated from the Csordas’s point of view. Csordas is important because he describes embodiment as a paradigm that brings us to a more coherent and general understanding of the culture and his sufferings. Csordas also presents a coherent formulation of "cultural phenomenology" in the embodied paradigm, as a phenomenological method in anthropological and cultural research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Embodiment
  • Cultural Phenomenology
  • Thomas Csordas
  • Methodology
  • Cognitive Sciences
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