تحلیل سیاست‏گذاری اجتماعی با لنز حکومت‏مندی

نوع مقاله : علمی وپزوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار گروه برنامه‌ریزی اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 دکترای جامعه‌شناسی توسعه، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف اصلی این مقاله، معرفی دستگاه مفهومی حکومت‌مندی در تحلیل سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی است. محور این دستگاه مفهومی، مطالعۀ نحوۀ تحقق قدرت (به‌معنای فوکویی) ازطریق سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی است. یعنی: عقلانیت‌های سیاسی (گفتمان‌های) حاکم بر سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی کدام‌ است؟ سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی ازطریق چه تکنولوژی‌هایی فِعلیت می‌یابد؟ سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی چه نوع سوژه‌ها و هویت‌هایی را در شهروندان برساخت می‌دهد؟ در مقالۀ حاضر، با روش نظری‌تحلیلی، سعی شده است جایگاه و کاربردپذیری رویکرد حکومت‌مندی در تحلیل سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی معرفی و دربارۀ آن بحث شود. از دو منظر معرفتی و روشی، رویکرد حکومت‌مندی را می‌توان برای تحلیل سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی به‌کار برد: ۱. در حوزۀ معرفتی، با کمک رویکرد حکومت‌مندی، می‌توان سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی را براساس سه بُعد عقلانیت و تکنولوژی و سوژۀ حکومت بررسی و تحلیل کرد؛ ۲. در حوزۀ روشی‌، تحلیل سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی با لنز حکومت‌مندی، گرچه با هر دو روش‌شناسی تحلیل گفتمان و تبارشناسی امکان‌پذیر است، منتهی روش اخیر نسبت‌به روش اول مرجح دانسته می‌شود. رویکرد حکومت‌مندی از دهۀ ۱۹۹۰، قابلیت بسیاری برای تحلیل حوزه‌های مختلف سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی غیرایرانی پیدا کرده است؛ اما تاکنون در ایران، به‌صورت نظری و تجربی استفاده نشده و با چنین خلئی، ابعادی از تحلیل سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی نیز از حوزۀ نظر و عمل (پراکسیس) دور خواهد ماند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing Social Policy with Governmentality Lens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Jalaeipour 1
  • Aliasghar Saeidi 2
  • Karam Habibipour 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

The present paper introduces "governmentality" as conceptual apparatus in analyzing social policy. The center of this apparatus is the study of the way in which power is substantiated by social policy. So we should answer such questions: what are political rationalities (discourses) governing social policy? Which technologies actualize social policy? Which subjects and identities are construct in citizens by social policies?
In this paper, by applying theoretical-analytical methodogy, we try to introduce and discuss the position and application of governmentality in analyzing social policy. This can be achieved by epistemological and methodological visions: 1) in epistemological area, by using this approach, we can analyze social policy by rationality, technology and, subject of government dimensions, and 2) in methodological domain, although analyze of social policy with governmentality lens is possible with both discourse analysis and genealogy methods, latter method is preferred. Governmentality approach has gotten high capacity of analyzing different areas of social policy since 1990, yet has been used neither theoretically nor empirically in Iran. Regarding this absence, many dimensions of social policy will be neglected from theory and praxis. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • social policy
  • Governmentality
  • Rationality of the government
  • Technology and Subjects of government
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