زن و توسعه: وضعیت زنانِ ایران در دوره قاجار، پهلوی اول و دوم

نویسندگان

گروه توسعه و سیاستگذاری اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jsr.2023.91519

چکیده

مقدمه: در چند دهه گذشته، رویکردهای ویژه ای در زمینه مشارکت مردان و زنان در توسعه و پیشرفت مطرح شده است؛ این رویکردها یا مدل­ها در پی توضیح این موضوع هستند که چگونه توسعه، زنان و مردان را متأثر ساخته و چرا زنان مانند مردان توسعه­یافتگی را تجربه نکرده­اند.
هدف: مقاله حاضر در صدد بررسی وضعیت توسعه­یافتگی زنان ایرانی در دوران قاجار و پهلوی برآمده و با تأکید بر مؤلفه­های آموزش، اشتغال، حقوق سیاسی و حقوق قانونی وضعیت زنان را در این دوره­ها با بهره­گیری از شش رویکرد حوزه توسعه و زنان بررسی کرده است.
 روش پژوهش: این مطالعه اسنادی و مبتنی بر پژوهش کیفی با نگاه تاریخی بوده  است.
 یافته‌ها: می­توان گفت توسعه در دوران قاجار برای زنان با مشارکت گسترده آنان در شکل­گیری انقلاب مشروطه آغاز گردید، در ادامه زنان فعال به گونه­ای خودجوش شروع به تأسیس مدارس و حتی ایجاد اشتغال نموده تا موفق شدند مردان مجلس ملی را متقاعد کنند که زنان با تأکید بر نقش مادری و همسری می­توانند از حق آموزش برخوردار باشند. توسعه در دوران پهلوی به ویژه پهلوی دوم عمدتاٌ با هدف ادغام زنان در توسعه ایران صورت گرفته و فراهم ساختن آموزش و اشتغال برای زنان ابزاری برای دولت جهت مدرانیزاسیون و دولت­سازی بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نقطه عطف توجه به سیاستهای جنسیتی در زمان قاجار را می­توان انقلاب مشروطه و دوران پهلوی در مدرن­سازی و ملت­سازی مشاهده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Women and Development: Iranian women's roles under the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Malihe Shiyani
  • Hanan Zare
Department of Development and Social Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Several approaches have emerged in recent decades to illustrate how development concerns impacted women and men. Furthermore, women's development models have attempted to explain why women have not progressed at the same level as men, particularly in developing countries.
Aim: This article discusses the involvement of Iranian women in the development process during the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties in the education, work, political and legal rights area. Therefore, in this regard, the most important questions to consider are: what impact did development have on women in Iran throughout the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties, and how did women participate in the development process? The theoretical framework has based on the six approaches in the field of women and development, including Women in Development (WID), Women and Development (WAD), Gender and Development (GAD), Gender Mainstreaming (GMS), Women, Culture, and Development (WCD), and Gender, Law, and Development (GLD).
Methods: Based on qualitative and documentary research, this study has a historical perspective.
Finding: The findings show that women's progress during the Qajar period had greatly enhanced by their active participation in the formation of the Constitutional Revolution. However, Women were marginalized after the revolution and deprived of education and the right to vote. Women's activists began spontaneously organizing schools and even giving jobs to convince men in the National Consultative Assembly that women could have the right to study by highlighting the importance of motherhood and marriage. During the Pahlavi era, particularly the second, women were primarily involved in the development of Iran since providing education and jobs for women was a government strategy to modernize and build the state.
Discussion:  Thus, the Constitutional Revolution changed attention to gender policies during the Qajar era, while modernization and nationalization signified a turning point in gender policies during the Pahlavi dynasty.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Development
  • women
  • Developmental Process
  • Qajar
  • Pahlavi

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مطالعات جامعه شناختی (نامه علوم اجتماعی سابق)
دوره 29، شماره 2
(مربوط به پاییز و زمستان 1401)
اسفند 1401
صفحه 49-78

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