بررسی انتقادی راهکارهای مواجهه با نفرین منابع

نوع مقاله : علمی وپزوهشی

نویسنده

گروه جامعه شناسی دانشکده علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران ایران

10.22059/jsr.2024.365852.1900

چکیده

اقتصاددانان طی دهه‌های متمادی، منابع طبیعی و کالاهای تجدیدناپذیر را عامل مهم رشد اقتصادی تلقی می-کردند. اما به مرور زمان معلوم شد کشورهایی که سهم این منابع در تولید، صادرات و بودجه دولتی آنها از حدود مشخصی بالاتر است، از معضلاتی در حوزه‌های اقتصادی، سیاسی و اجتماعی رنج می‌برند که از دهه 1990 اغلب از آنها با عنوان کلی "نفرین منابع طبیعی" یاد می‌شود. این مشکلات گاه به حدی شدیدند که حتی مزایای منابع طبیعی را به صورت کامل تحت الشعاع قرار می‌دهند و از همین رو طی دهه‌های اخیر کشورهای غنی از منابع طبیعی راهکارهای متفاوتی را برای مواجهه با این مشکلات به اجرا در آورده‌اند. تحقیق حاضر ضمن توصیف این راهکارها و ارائه گونه‌شناسی‌های مختلف، با اتکا به نقد آنها، گام‌های اولیه-ای در راه ارائه چشم‌اندازهای جایگزین برمی‌دارد. مدعای اصلی این است که هریک از این راهکارها بسته به مختصات تاریخی وضعیت کشورها (به ویژه سطح توسعه و ماهیت نهادها) و نوع منابع طبیعی می‌توانند کارآمد یا ناکارآمد باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A critical review of solutions to resource curse

نویسنده [English]

  • Mahdi Omidi
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This article examines the common and major solutions that have been implemented in recent decades by countries rich in natural resources to face the destructive effects of these resources and strengthen their positive effects. For this purpose, six main solutions including macroeconomic policies to deal with the cyclicality of financial policies, decentralization, privatization, diversification, direct distribution and institutional reforms have been examined along with their related sub-solutions. Then, relying on various researches that have been done in the field of the consequences and efficiency of each of the solutions, we have criticized them. These criticisms are often divided into two categories, inside and outside the discourse, and the focus of outside-the-discourse criticisms is focused on the inappropriateness of the conditions and the lack of preparation of platforms for the implementation of many of these strategies in different regions of the world. In the end, while emphasizing the lack of a single solution, and at the same time, the possibility of efficiency of each of the solutions in special conditions, and taking into account the historical coordinates of their implementation, we have presented new perspectives to understand these coordinates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Procyclical fiscal policy
  • Decentralization
  • Institutional infrastructures
  • Historical coordinates of the situation
  • historical formation of state
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